The
faces are everywhere - on
display in restaurants, shop
windows, and the opening
pages of the main daily
newspapers.
They
are the 26 most-wanted young
men in Saudi Arabia, sought
in connection with the May
12 and Nov. 8 suicide
bombings here that took the
lives of 53 people, mainly
Arabs. But nine Americans
also perished in the
attacks.
The
bounty on these men is high:
1 million Saudi rials
($267,000) each. Supply
leads on a terror cell, and
you receive $1,867,000. Help
foil a terrorist attack, and
it's worth $1,333,000.
The
rewards, along with the
public display of the
suspects, are part of an
unprecedented campaign by
the Saudi royal family to
enlist everyday Saudis in
this battle against Al
Qaeda.
After
the 1996 Khobar Towers
bombing, in which 19 US
servicemen died, Saudi
Arabia was an unwilling
partner. It wasn't much more
compliant after the Sept.
11, 2001, attacks. But now,
with the terror group's
wrath striking the royal
family's home turf, the
small inner circle of
princes has united and is
going public, reaching out
to its own population and to
the US. "This is a
wholesale change for the
Saudis, with the publication
of these names and
pictures," says a
Western diplomat posted in
Riyadh. "Saudi hearts
and minds are what is
important now."
Al
Qaeda made a huge mistake by
attacking Saudi Arabia, home
to Islam's two holiest
shrines, says Mohammed al-Hulwah,
head of the
foreign-relations committee
of the king's Majlis Ash
Shura (consultative
council). "Now, the
government has declared a
holy war on these
terrorists," he says,
pumping his fists for
emphasis in his typically
Saudi living room. The
walls, drapes, and furniture
are covered in pastels with
geometric designs to comply
with a religious ban on
portrayals of people or
animals. "Some people
before were sympathetic with
them, but now they are
really starting to think and
question."
Up
until this point, say Saudi
and US government officials,
ordinary Saudis - as well as
some members of the royal
family - were in denial.
They could not accept that
15 of the 19 hijackers came
from this country. But with
the two bombings in Saudi
Arabia, ordinary Saudis have
not only come to accept they
have a problem with
extremists, but are actively
helping their government
root them out.
One
Saudi man, for example,
phoned the new government
hotline recently to report
that Othman al-Amri, No. 11
on the most-wanted list, had
stopped at his home while
driving through the area.
About a week earlier,
someone tipped off the
authorities to the location
of Ibrahim al-Rayes, who was
later killed by security
forces. From May through the
end of 2003, some 300 other
terror suspects have been
detained or killed,
according to officials.
The
Saudis have also become much
more cooperative with the
US. Teams of Treasury, FBI,
and CIA officers are now
based here, working hand in
hand with Saudi officials at
the Mahabith, Saudi Arabia's
counterpart to the FBI.
"We have very good
cooperation right now,"
says a Western
law-enforcement officer
based here.
These
teams are beginning to
establish certain patterns.
For example, they've been
able to trace many of the
guns they've captured to
both Yemen and Afghanistan.
Moreover, with each arrest
that is made, the teams
gather additional
information that leads them
to others. "Every time
you catch someone, they have
something with them that
allows [the suspect] to get
to the next person [within
the terror cell
structure]," the
law-enforcement official
says.
The
information developed by the
teams has led the Saudis to
install heat-sensitive
cameras and barbed-wire
fences at or near the most
frequently used smuggling
routes along its border with
Yemen. That has already
begun to pay off. On Dec.
27, Saudi officials
announced they'd arrested a
little more than 4,000
"infiltrators"
trying to cross that border,
and seized a large cache of
ammunition.
The
cooperation includes the
pursuit of financial backing
for terrorists, too. Since
this past spring, the Saudis
have instituted a number of
measures to block funding:
Collection boxes were
removed from mosques, and
tighter restrictions were
placed on financial
transfers and charitable
donations.
But
preventing personal
donations to Arabs perceived
to be in need, like
Palestinians, will be much
more difficult for the Saudi
government to control;
nearly everyone here bemoans
the treatment of
Palestinians by Israel.
"We
have to support our brothers
in Palestine," says
Nasser al-Rasheed, a
bespectacled conservative
Muslim who has the
traditional untrimmed white
beard. "I would give
money to a Palestinian I
trust. But I would not give
to Hamas [the Palestinian
resistance movement placed
on the US list of terror
organizations]. But how do
you know [the
difference]?"
On
the international front,
however, the cooperation has
paid off. Last month, the US
and Saudi Arabia jointly
designated two European
organizations as financial
backers of terrorists:
Bosnia-based Vazir (formerly
Al Haramain Islamic
Foundation, shut down in
Aug. 2003), and the
Liechtenstein-based Hochburg
AG (formerly BA Taqwa,
closed in August 2002).
Still,
no one thinks the crackdown
will end anytime soon.
Officials estimate that
between 2,000 and 10,000
mujahideen returned here
from fighting wars in
Afghanistan. "A
subculture exists here,
those who fell into what the
Saudis refer to as jihadist
or takfiri
terminology," says the
Western diplomat. "It's
a group of people - 60, 600,
6,000, 60,000. We don't know
the exact number, but it's
not infinite."
These
jihadis have switched
tactics as well, targeting
intelligence officials. On
Dec. 29, Lt. Col. Ibrahim
al-Dhaleh parked his Lexus
and stepped away just before
it exploded. Earlier in the
month, Maj. Gen. Abdelaziz
al-Huweirini, the No. 3 in
the intelligence service,
was shot and wounded in
Riyadh.
"We've
got to recognize that we're
fighting an ideology that
springs out of a radical or
xenophobic Islam," the
Western diplomat says.
"If we caught Osama bin
Laden tomorrow, I am
convinced Al Qaeda would be
finished. But that won't end
the war on terror. The
ideology is entrenched in
the Muslim world.... We will
probably be battling this
for the next
generation."
Inside
the walls of their tightly
secured compounds,
foreigners in Saudi Arabia
are essentially sequestered
from Saudis. But despite
toughened security measures,
some residents say that
Americans, in particular,
are clearing out and leaving
the country.
In
the Al Yamama compound in
Riyadh, which houses foreign
workers who are helping
develop this country, there
are 370 connected, beige
stucco townhouses - with two
or three bedrooms. Near the
center, there's a tiled
open-air plaza with palm
trees, surrounded by a
grocery store, restaurant,
flower shop, jewelry store,
and preschool. A recreation
room boasts raquetball,
squash, and tennis courts as
well as an Olympic-sized
swimming pool. There's also
a K-12 school.
"There
are people here who hardly
ever go off, or need to go
off, the compound -
especially now," says
Jim Greenberg, an American
businessman who's lived here
for nearly 30 years. But, he
adds, he and his wife, Lisa,
have personally decided not
to "change the way we
live at all."
However,
those who do go out
generally travel in SUVs
with tinted windows - mainly
to prevent Saudis from
seeing Western women inside
who may not wear veils.
"Inside that wall, I
dress as I like," says
Jan Quinn, an American expat
who lives in a nearby
compound.
She
says life has drastically
changed. For example, her
four children who are
attending school in the US
are now afraid to visit. In
fact, she says, this
Christmas was the last they
will spend together as a
family in Riyadh. Greenberg,
though, still travels
throughout the country and
Riyadh - now home to 4.5
million where only 300,000
lived "in mud-brick
homes" when he arrived
some three decades ago.
Greenberg
he also says that most of
his colleagues have changed
their habits - or left.
There aren't exact numbers
on US expatriates living in
Saudi Arabia today, nor is
there a historical record.
The US Embassy here puts the
number of Americans in Saudi
Arabia today at about
30,000.
Greenberg,
though, says he's seen the
number diminish greatly over
the years - especially after
the May and November
attacks. "This was
probably an 80 percent
American compound at one
time," he says. "I
suspect it's not more than
about 20 to 25 percent
now." One telling
example, he says, is the
school. When his four
children left "a few
years ago," the school
was K-9 only and taught
2,200 kids. Today the school
is K-12 and houses only
1,050 students.