Mr.
Abdul-Baqi: Thank you, Frank. Good
morning.
I'd
like to start by thanking CSIS for inviting us. I'd like to also welcome
everybody here.
Just
one quick clarification, the presentation will be on the Aramco web site as
was mentioned Wednesday morning Washington time. There is a little bit of a
time difference between Dhahran time and Washington time.
When
you go to the web side, Saudi Aramco is one word, not two words as on this
slide here.
What
we are going to address in our presentation today are three main principles
or themes. We're going to talk about the volume and the reliability of the
Saudi Aramco reserves. We're going to address the sustainability of the
crude oil production at Dhahran,
and potentially higher levels in the future. And then we are going to
address the issue, of course, that seems to be on everybody's mind.
This
is how we are going to do this. I'm going to start with just a couple of
slides on the global outlook just to set the stage, make sure we're all
together. Then I'll give you an overview of Saudi Aramco's upstream
operations. Then I'll focus on exploration which is my area of expertise.
At
that point I will turn it over to Dr. Saleri. He will discuss reserves and
how we manage them, and then review several 50-year outlook scenarios, and
then conclude with a synopsis.
This
chart shows a projection, source from OPEC, for world oil demand. We're not
hung up on the numbers. I know there are other forecasts that can be a
little bit higher, a little bit lower. The only thing we want to agree on
here before we move on is that the world needs a lot more oil in the future.
The question I want to pose is where is that oil going to come from?
This
map from British Petroleum Annual Statistical Review shows that at year-end
2002 the conventional oil reserves of the world were slightly more than one
thousand billion barrels of oil. Two-thirds of it are in the Middle East. So
again, it's safe to assume that the Middle East is going to play a key role
in meeting this demand that we were talking about.
What
makes it even more interesting is that in spite of having two-thirds of the
reserves, the production is only one-third. So that positions the Middle
East in a better position than any other area in the world.
Moving
on from the Middle East to Saudi Arabia and then Saudi Aramco.
It's
expected with the central role for the Middle East that Saudi Arabia will
play the major role. Not only because Saudi Arabia has the biggest reserves
base among all of the countries of the Middle East which accounts to about
one quarter of the whole world, but also because Saudi Arabia has an
operating oil company that has a proven track record over 70 years of
delivering, of overcoming any operational, any technological, any
organizational, or any financial challenges. The track record is there. I'm
not going to go through the history. But just quickly I want to say that the
history starts in 1933 when the Kingdom signed the first concession
agreement with So-Cal at the time, Chevron now. When the industry realized
that they are dealing with the world's largest reservoirs and largest
fields, Exxon, Mobil, Texaco all bought in. That's how the history started.
Now
Saudi Aramco in 1982, in the early '80s, started a center called the
Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center. We call it EXPEC for short.
This center is one of the largest in the oil industry addressing the
exploration and petroleum engineering technology and operations.
The
center is supported by a computer system that processes and stores about
four times as much data as NASA does, and it is very well justified because
we are dealing with the largest reservoirs on earth.
The
center is manned by the best that the country, Saudi Arabia, talent has to
offer. Yet on the other hand the company employs people from 52 different
nationalities. The fact that I am from Saudi Arabia and my partner in this
presentation is from Texas is an example of us hunting for talent all over
the world.
This
success story is not something that came by chance. It's a strategic
commitment by the company to five different principles. The most important
of them is an excellent sustained performance over the years. We are
maximizing hydrocarbon recovery, but taking into consideration the life
cycle economics. Our reservoir management practices, I will not be shy, they
are the best in the industry. Dr. Saleri will expand on that.
Mr. Ebel: Thank you, Mahmoud. This was a
paid advertisement. [Laughter]
Mr.
Abdul-Baqi: Of course I have to say at the
end that our excellent safety and environmental record is just the fifth
principle that we are talking about here.
Let's
look at our current operations. Our operation is large and diversified. It
includes production from mature on-shore giant fields, but it also includes
production from very remote new developments. It does include off-shore
production and deep gas production.
The
company has a policy of maintaining a healthy cushion between its current
production and its maximum sustained capacity. This cushion has served us in
the past extremely well and continues to serve us extremely well in the
future.
I
don't want to go back all the way to the first Gulf War and remind everybody
what did happen when the supply was disrupted. I'll just refer to the most
recent few months where this healthy cushion is what stabilized the market
--when disruptions happened in Nigeria, when disruptions happened in
Venezuela and when disruptions happened in Iraq.
The
company policy also addressed replacing on an annual basis all of its oil
production which is estimated at about three billion barrels per year.
On
the gas side, though, because we're not number one, we're number four, we
are not only replacing our production but we're also adding an average of
about five trillion cubic feet of gas per day to our reserves based to
improve our standing.
Let's
talk about maturity and exploration business. I've been in that business for
33 years. When we talk about a mature area we basically talk about the
number of exploratory wells that were drilled in that area to find oil or
gas. Let's concentrate on oil. There are many ways. We can do seismic, we
can do studies, but eventually oil is not discovered until that bit meets
the reservoir and the oil comes to the surface.
This
map here shows all of the exploratory wells that were drilled by our company
since 1933 in Saudi Arabia. You can notice that the wells are really
clustered around the oil and the gas fields and there are large areas that
are relatively unexplored. This area here, a significant part of the Rub'
Al-Khali Basin known to you as the Empty Quarter --I'm sure anybody who has
read about the Middle East --a large part of it is relatively, we haven't
drilled in it yet. In the basins of the northern area along the border with
Iraq, one of the areas that is now being advertised as lucrative by many
international oil companies. Again,
very, well, I don't know how to describe it. Ten wells? In an area so large
if you put the state of California on its side you can fit it in that area
here.
So
conclusion I want to come up with from here is that we have a lot of acreage
to explore and a potential to find a lot more oil and gas, in addition to
our current position which is number one in the world.
This
is not only our opinion but the opinion of many respected entities around
the world. The United States Geological Survey published the results of work
that they have done in the year 2000 about the undiscovered recoverable --I
want you to note the word recoverable --oil resources in the world. They
place us as the number one country. By the way the volumes that they are
talking about is to be found by the year --this is not ultimate, by the year
2025. The mean numbers that are shown here -- 87 for Saudi Arabia. Mean is a
statistical term. The statistical or probabilistic range that goes with that
mean goes all the way down from 29 to 161. But this is for the future. This
uncertainty is for the future and it should be uncertain. This is not for
the current reserves.
Although
I'm talking only about oil, I thought of throwing this, it's interesting to
throw in this about gas because that same study by the United States
Geological Survey places us second only to Russia in gas potential.
So
not only we have the number one position in oil in the world, but we also
are well positioned to meet future gas demands when that scenario would be
on the table.
I'll
just flash these quickly to remind everybody of this.
Now
we come to our current oil initially in place. Let me redefine the term for
the benefit of people. The Society of Petroleum Engineers, a very well
respected society, defines the oil initially in place as the volume or the
amount of oil that is present in the subsurface, underground. We're not
talking about oil that comes to the surface.
In
the last 20 years, as this graph shows, there has been a significant growth
of oil initially in place in our area, approximately 100 billion barrels of
oil. Currently we have 700 billion barrels of oil in place. Keep that number
in mind because we're going to look at it one more time here.
Here
it is, the 700 of discovered oil initially in place.
Now
we looked at what the USGS were projecting. Our studies indicates that a
combination of undiscovered resources --this is exploration in new areas
--plus the growth of oil in place that we have already discovered. If we
combine these two together
we're
going to add 200 billion barrels by the year 2025, giving us a total of 900
billion barrels of oil at that time.
At
what cost? It's good to have the oil, it's good to have the potential to add
to the oil, but you can deliver it at a reasonable cost or not? This is a
very important question.
This
graph shows year end 2002 average finding and development costs from facts
and figures published by British Petroleum on their major competitors. The
bars here, the bar chart, shows five major oil and gas companies. Their cost
of finding in red and developing in blue, compared to Saudi Aramco's costs.
Not only we are positioned better than anybody else to deliver that oil that
we have and the oil that we are going to have, but we can do it at a very
reasonable cost which makes it extremely feasible.
We
heard a lot about success rates and what happened in the last ten years and
all of that.
Well,
here are the numbers. In the last ten years we drilled a total of 64
exploratory wells with a success rate of 52 percent. People that are in the
business will agree with me that's very high by industry standards. This
applies not only to gas, not only to oil, we were equally successful in
doing both the oil and the gas.
The
message I want to leave with you before I ask my colleague to continue the
discussion. We have plenty of oil, number one in the world. We have the
potential to add more oil than anybody else. We can do that at extremely
successfully at a very reasonable cost.
Our
track record shows that we delivered for 70 years and we're going to
continue
delivering
for another 70 years at least.
With
that I would like to ask Dr. Saleri to come to the podium and continue the
discussion of reserves and reservoir management.
[Applause]
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